Chartres cathedral

The Chartres Cathedral is probably the finest example of French Gothic architecture and said by some to be the most beautiful cathedral in France. The Chartres Cathedral is a milestone in the development of Western architecture because it employs all the structural elements of the new Gothic architecture: the pointed arch; the rib-and-panel ...

Chartres cathedral. The Chartres Cathedral ‘Reception & Visits Service’ offers all curious minds, whether pilgrims or simple tourists, an opportunity to discover the sanctuary, its history, its message, the faith of its builders and those who live there today. WITHOUT BOOKING. Information on (+33) 02 37 21 75 02. (visit limited to 45 people)

Mar 22, 2020 ... Chartres' appeal is quite different. It is the beauty of form, line, and light. It is the architecture of purity. The walls, arches, and vaults ...

Saint Patrick’s Cathedral is a masterpiece of art and design that has stood the test of time. This magnificent cathedral, located in the heart of New York City, is a must-see for a...Chartres Cathedral, also known as the Cathedral of Our Lady of Chartres (French: Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Chartres), is a Catholic church in Chartres, France, about 80 km (50 miles) southwest of Paris, and is the seat of the Bishop of Chartres.Mostly constructed between 1194 and 1220, it stands on the site of at least five cathedrals that …Tiagabine: learn about side effects, dosage, special precautions, and more on MedlinePlus Tiagabine is used in combination with other medications to treat partial seizures (a type ...On March 6, RxSight will release figures for Q4.Analysts predict RxSight will release losses per share of $0.749.Go here to watch RxSight stock pr... RxSight will report earnings f...Chartres is a small city in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France, approximately an hour south-west of Paris by train. Population is 42,000 although that rises to 100,000 when the surrounding towns are taken into consideration. The main attraction for most visitors to Chartres is the 12th century cathedral, considered by many art …In today's world of endless self-promotion, this beautiful little memorial celebrates those who gave their lives to save someone else. Advertisement London is a green city, with mo...On Sunday, 27 February 1594, the cathedral of Chartres was the site of the coronation of Henry IV after he converted to the Catholic faith, the only king of France whose coronation ceremony was not performed in Reims. In 1674, Louis XIV raised Chartres from a duchy to a duchy peerage in favor of his nephew, Duke Philippe II of Orléans.

Jan 30, 2013 · Chartres Cathedral Crypt. The largest crypt ever constructed in France was built in the 11th century on an ancient Druid sacred site. Chartres, France. Les Fresques de Bel Air. Chartres Cathedral -v- St Chapelle and Notre Dame ... By all means go to Chartres - it is a delightful hour train ride from Gare Montparnasse. While the Notre ...La cathédrale Notre-Dame de Chartres est un édifice catholique situé au cœur de la ville de Chartres dans le département français d'Eure-et-Loir, en région Centre-Val de Loire.Monument de l'architecture gothique, elle est traditionnellement considérée comme l'une des cathédrales de ce style les mieux conservées par ses sculptures, vitraux et …This spire, completed in 1160 and one of the earliest spires in all of Europe, also survived the fire. The North Tower’s spire was added later, in the 16th century. The cathedral’s West Front, North Porch, and South Porch all have 3 huge doors. Chartres is unique in having 3 separate triple-doorways. Even the 167 stained glass windows of ...School of Chartres. During the High Middle Ages, the Chartres Cathedral established the cathedral School of Chartres, an important center of French scholarship located in Chartres. It developed and reached its apex during the transitional period of the 11th and 12th centuries, at the start of the Latin translation movement.The cathedral in Chartres is a huge and impressive Gothic structure. Clearly there is much to see and admire inside but on this first visit I was simply drawn to the incredible craftsmanship of the exterior.

The labyrinth. Of all of France’s cathedral labyrinths, the Chartres labyrinth is the only one to have survived in situ. it is a monumental stone inlay of limestone bordered by strips cut from midnight blue marble. It is 12.89 metres in diameter and the path through the labyrinth is 261.5 metres long. The brass plaque from the middle is ... The Cathedral Notre-Dame de Chartres is located some fifty miles southwest of Paris on a small hill overlooking the city of Chartres. The Cathedral and its two mis-matched towers dominate the landscape for 15 miles. As you drive drove closer, you can’t help but begin to understand the extraordinary power that the Cathedral held over people. Chartres Cathedral . WHERE: Ile-de-France . Located 50 miles outside of Paris, the Chartres Cathedral, also known as Cathédrale Notre-Dame, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, courtesy of its well ...St. Patrick’s Cathedral is not only a historical landmark in New York City, but it is also a place of worship for Catholics and a popular tourist attraction. Attending mass at St. ...Freemasonry has long been a subject of fascination and intrigue. One of the highest achievements within this ancient fraternity is attaining the 33rd degree. Freemasonry is a secre...The Chartres Cathedral ‘Reception & Visits Service’ offers a wide range of tours to meet the expectations and specific needs of as many people as possible. Whether you are an amateur or an expert, a child or an adult, an individual or a group, there is something for everyone! Our tours are adapted to your situation, because the cathedral and its crypt …

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Mar 1, 2004 · March 1, 2004. On a hilltop in the French city of Chartres stands a cathedral renowned as a testament to human builders inspired by faith in the divine. One of the world’s best-preserved medieval cathedrals, it is a Gothic architectural achievement that has been called a miracle of stained glass and stone. Completed in 1223, the Cathedral ... Chartres Cathedral Crypt. The largest crypt ever constructed in France was built in the 11th century on an ancient Druid sacred site. Chartres, France. Les Fresques de Bel Air.The stained glass windows of Chartres cathedral. Stained glass resembles Man: when you look at it from the outside, you see nothing but a greyish and dark, dusty appearance; when it is crossed by light, that of God, it reveals images, stories, senses, symbols; it then colours and illuminates what surrounds it, and if a piece of glass is missing, the world then …Chartres Cathedral, also known as the Cathedral of Our Lady of Chartres ( French: Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Chartres ), is a Catholic church in Chartres, France, about 80 km (50 miles) southwest of Paris, and is the seat of the Bishop of Chartres. Mostly constructed between 1194 and 1220, it stands on the site of at least five cathedrals that ...

Discover and book Chartres and Its Cathedral: 5-Hour Tour from Paris with Private Transport on Tripadvisor. Help. If you have questions about this tour or need help making your booking, we’d be happy to help. Just call the number below and reference the product code: 7817P78. +1 855 275 5071. Chartres Cathedral, built of limestone, is around 34 m high and 130 m long internally. It has a four-bay choir with double aisles and a double ambulatory with six radiating chapels, of which three are shallow and three, reflecting the surviving crypt chapels, are deeper. The transepts have three bays with east and west aisles; the six-bay nave ... On September 7, 1020, a fire destroyed the cathedral. Bishop Fulbert built a vast new structure, of which the principal crypt (1020 - 1024) remains today. In September 1134, a large part of the city was devastated by a fire which nonetheless spared the cathedral. The houses that were destroyed in front of the structure opened up the possibility ... Quick Facts about Chartres Cathedral. → Date of UNESCO inscription: 1979 → Length: 130 meters → Width: 32 meters → Height of nave: 37 meters → Width of nave: 16.4 meters → Height of NW tower: 113 meters → Height of SW tower: 105 meters. People sometimes think of Gothic architecture as dark and sombre, but that is not the way that the original … The labyrinth is open for meditative walking each Friday between 10:00 am and 5:00 pm, from Lent (date changes annually, but it falls between February 20 and March 20) until All Saint’s Day (November 1). Opening 2024: Friday, February 16 to Friday, October 25. The labyrinth may be closed during religious celebrations. Welcome to Chartres Cathedral, probably the finest example of French Gothic architecture and said by some to be the most beautiful cathedral in France. HIGHLIGHT: Scale and proportion – as much as its awe-inspiring height – are what make this edifice impressive. MEDIEVAL CATHEDRAL don’t come squat or low.Discover the best web developer in Charlotte. Browse our rankings to partner with award-winning experts that will bring your vision to life. Development Most Popular Emerging Tech ...Chartres Cathedral is home to the largest collection of preserved medieval stained-glass windows in the world. The windows are in an excellent state of conservation and currently undergoing an active restoration phase to return them to their original splendour. Most of them date from the early years of the 13th century and they are an ...シャルトル大聖堂(シャルトルだいせいどう、フランス語名:Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Chartres)はフランスの首都パリからおよそ南西87kmほど離れた都市シャルトルに位置し 、フランス国内において最も美しいゴシック建築のひとつと考えられている大聖堂。Browse Getty Images' premium collection of high-quality, authentic Chartres Cathedral Interior stock photos, royalty-free images, and pictures.This spire, completed in 1160 and one of the earliest spires in all of Europe, also survived the fire. The North Tower’s spire was added later, in the 16th century. The cathedral’s West Front, North Porch, and South Porch all have 3 huge doors. Chartres is unique in having 3 separate triple-doorways. Even the 167 stained glass windows of ... Search Gallery ...

沙特爾聖母主教座堂 (法語: Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Chartres ,又譯 夏特主教座堂 、 夏爾特主教座堂 )位於 法國 巴黎 西南約70公里處的 沙特爾 市。. 據傳 聖母瑪利亞 曾在此顯靈,並保存了 瑪利亞 曾穿著的聖衣,主體建築於公元1194年,公元1264年竣工。. 自12世 ...

On September 7, 1020, a fire destroyed the cathedral. Bishop Fulbert built a vast new structure, of which the principal crypt (1020 - 1024) remains today. In September 1134, a large part of the city was devastated by a …Mar 23, 2023 · Chartres’ Notre Dame Cathedral is a 12th-13th century High GothicRomanesque edifice dedicated to the Virgin Mary—the name “Notre Dame” meaning literally “Our Lady.” Notre-Dame de Paris (French: [nɔtʁ(ə) dam də paʁi] ⓘ; meaning "Our Lady of Paris"), referred to simply as Notre-Dame, is a medieval Catholic cathedral on the Île de la Cité (an island in the Seine River), in the 4th arrondissement of Paris, France.The cathedral, dedicated to the Virgin Mary, is considered one of the finest examples of French Gothic … The cathedral at Chartres, France. Chartres Cathedral , Cathedral of Notre-Dame at Chartres, one of the most influential examples of High Gothic architecture. The main part of this great cathedral was built between 1194 and 1220. It replaced a 12th-century church of which only the crypt, the base of the towers, and the western facade remain. Learn about the history, heritage and spirituality of the Cathedral of Chartres, dedicated to the Virgin Mary. Find out how to visit, donate, pray, attend events and join the parish community.Chartres (French pronunciation: ⓘ) is the prefecture of the Eure-et-Loir department in the Centre-Val de Loire region in France. It is located about 90 km (56 mi) southwest of Paris. At the 2019 census, there were 170,763 inhabitants in the metropolitan area of Chartres (as defined by the INSEE), 38,534 of whom lived in the city of Chartres proper.The cathedral was above all the place of celebration of the sacraments. The function of the images in the stained-glass windows was to echo the liturgy by providing a permanent visual reminder of the liturgical gestures and the texts read during the services. The cathedral contained also a large number of relics, not only the relic of the ...沙特爾聖母主教座堂(法語: Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Chartres ,又譯夏特主教座堂、夏爾特主教座堂)位於法國 巴黎西南約70公里處的沙特爾市。 據傳聖母瑪利亞曾在此顯靈,並保存了瑪利亞曾穿著的聖衣,主體建築於公元1194年,公元1264年竣工。 自12世紀以來,沙特爾也成為西歐重要的天主教聖母朝聖 ...Partly built starting in 1145, and then reconstructed over a 26-year period after the fire of 1194, Chartres Cathedral marks the high point of French Gothic art. The vast nave, in pure ogival style, the porches ...This cathedral is to me the biggest and most fascinating open book of sculptures and stained glass of the Middle Ages ever written.

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Apr 28, 2023 · Jahrhundert erbaute Kathedrale Notre-Dame-de-Chartres in Chartres ist in ihrer fortgeschrittenen Frühgotik das „Urbild“ der Kathedrale des Gothique classique. English: Notre-Dame de Chartres Cathedral: A Classic Gothic cathedral in Chartres, France. Built in 1134-1145 (west façade) and 1194–1260. Notre-Dame de Chartres Cathedral welcomes you every day of the year, continuously from 8:30 am to 7:30 pm. On Tuesdays, Fridays and Sundays in July and August, the cathedral is open until 10:00 p.m. for Special Evening Events (Soirées Autrement program).. Entry to the cathedral is free, and visitors are welcome to visit – with the possibility of renting …If you’re a homeowner or someone who enjoys DIY projects, you know how important it is to have access to high-quality home improvement products. One store that has become a go-to d...Criterion (iv): Chartres Cathedral is both a symbol and a basic building type. It is the most elucidating example one could choose to define the cultural, social and aesthetic reality of the...The Chartres Cathedral, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is the main attraction in the city, but not the only one. Just behind the cathedral, in the former Bishop’s Palace, is the Fine Arts Museum. Erected in the 17th and 18th centuries, the museum houses a significant collection of paintings, sculptures, enamels, and documents that relate to ...La catedral de Chartres (también, catedral de la Asunción de Nuestra Señora) (en francés, Cathédrale de l'Assomption de Notre-Dame) es una iglesia catedralicia de culto católico bajo la advocación de Nuestra Señora en la ciudad de Chartres, en el departamento de Eure y Loir, en Francia, unos 80 kilómetros al sudoeste de la capital, París. ...Chartres cathedral had survived its greatest threat in modern times. Since 2007 the interior of the cathedral has been completely renovated; instead of the dark interior known to those who visited in in earlier times, the cathedral now boasts bright walls covered in the pale plaster that was used by the original medieval builders.The cathedral at Chartres, built from 1194-1260, is one of the finest examples of gothic architecture in the world and perhaps the most famous of the cathedrals in France, and is now a UNESCO listed World Heritage Site. Several other churches and an earlier cathedral had already stood in the same location when work on the current cathedral ... ….

Aerial view of Chartres with Cathedral of Notre-Dame (UNESCO World Heritage List 1979) - Centre region, France... of 31. Browse Getty Images' premium collection of high-quality, authentic Chartres Cathedral stock photos, royalty-free images, and pictures. Chartres Cathedral stock photos are available in a variety of sizes and formats to fit ... Chartres' windows are celebrated for their cobalt blue, known as "Chartres blue" or "Romanesque blue", which first emerged in the workshops at Saint-Denis Basilica in the 1140s and was also used at Le Mans Cathedral. With a sodium base coloured with cobalt, it is the more resistant than reds and greens of the same era. From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository. Object location. 48° 26′ 52″ N, 1° 29′ 16″ E. View all coordinates using: OpenStreetMap. 48.447778; 1.487778. → JUMP TO CATEGORY. Notre-Dame de Chartres is a Gothic cathedral in Chartres, France. The west facade was built in 1134–1145 and the rest was built in 1194–1260.Depuis des siècles, Marie est vénérée à la Cathédrale de Chartres, sanctuaire marial, parmi les plus illustres de France. Marie emplit la Cathédrale de sa présence maternelle, non seulement parce qu’elle y est représentée plus de 170 fois, ...Chartres' windows are celebrated for their cobalt blue, known as "Chartres blue" or "Romanesque blue", which first emerged in the workshops at Saint-Denis Basilica in the 1140s and was also used at Le Mans Cathedral. With a sodium base coloured with cobalt, it is the more resistant than reds and greens of the same era.Chartres Cathedral (Notre Dame de Chartres), c.1145 and 1194 - c. 12300 - 9:17 West Façade and Royal Portal9:17 - 16:44 Interior, Flying Buttresses, and Stai...In a legal trust, title to property is split into legal and equitable title. The beneficiaries hold equitable title. Equitable title entitles the beneficiaries to the benefits of t...Notre-Dame de Chartres Cathedral welcomes you every day of the year, continuously from 8:30 am to 7:30 pm. On Tuesdays, Fridays and Sundays in July and August, the cathedral is open until 10:00 p.m. for Special Evening Events (Soirées Autrement program).. Entry to the cathedral is free, and visitors are welcome to visit – with the possibility of renting … Chartres cathedral, On September 7, 1020, a fire destroyed the cathedral. Bishop Fulbert built a vast new structure, of which the principal crypt (1020 - 1024) remains today. In September 1134, a large part of the city was devastated by a fire which nonetheless spared the cathedral. The houses that were destroyed in front of the structure opened up the possibility ... , The 13th century Cathedral…. Gothic building, Notre-Dame de Chartres was built immediately after the fire of 1194. This fire ravaged and destroyed the Romanesque Cathedral of the 12th century. It took about 30 years to complete the construction of the new structure that displays unity and harmony that is shown in the interior., Chartres Cathedral is the epitome of French Gothic architecture. Its soaring spires, pointed arches, and intricate flying buttresses exemplify the height of medieval innovation and engineering. 2. Stunning Stained Glass Windows. The cathedral boasts over 150 stunning stained glass windows, some of which date back to the 12th century. , Chartres cathedral had survived its greatest threat in modern times. Since 2007 the interior of the cathedral has been completely renovated; instead of the dark interior known to those who visited in in earlier times, the cathedral now boasts bright walls covered in the pale plaster that was used by the original medieval builders. , Gothic building, Notre-Dame de Chartres was built immediately after the fire of 1194. This fire ravaged and destroyed the Romanesque Cathedral of the 12th century. It took about …, The Cathedral of Our Lady of Chartres, (French: Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Chartres ), located in Chartres, about 50 miles from Paris, is considered one of the world's finest examples of the Gothic style of architecture. Begun in the twelfth century, the cathedral established several new architectural features and pioneered new techniques for ... , The Chartres Cathedral is a symbol of sacred traditions from ancient times. For more than 2,500 years, it has remained one of the religious centers of Europe. It still hides many secrets and legends from the worlds of the Celts and early Christians. Chartres Cathedral labyrinth. (CC BY-SA 3.0), Chartres (French pronunciation: ⓘ) is the prefecture of the Eure-et-Loir department in the Centre-Val de Loire region in France. It is located about 90 km (56 mi) southwest of Paris. At the 2019 census, there were 170,763 inhabitants in the metropolitan area of Chartres (as defined by the INSEE), 38,534 of whom lived in the city of Chartres proper., Chartres Cathedral ( French: Notre-Dame de Chartres, Our Lady of Chartres) is a cathedral. It is in Chartres, about 80 km south of Paris. It is built in the Gothic style. Together with Amiens Cathedral and Reims Cathedral it is considered to be one of the finest examples of Gothic architecture (for churches) in France. Stained glass of the ... , A Párizstól 80 km-re délnyugati irányban fekvő Chartres városában található a chartres-i katedrális (franciául: La Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Chartres) a francia gótikus építészet egyik kiemelkedő alkotása, mely szinte teljes egészében eredeti állapotában őrződött meg. „A Chartres-i egyházmegye katedrálisa az egyik legkorábbi és talán a legszebb is abból …, Saint Patrick’s Cathedral is a masterpiece of art and design that has stood the test of time. This magnificent cathedral, located in the heart of New York City, is a must-see for a..., Learn about the history, architecture and art of Chartres Cathedral, a masterpiece of French Gothic art and a symbol of medieval culture. Discover its stained-glass windows, sculptures, portals and …, The Chartres Cathedral ‘Reception & Visits Service’ offers all curious minds, whether pilgrims or simple tourists, an opportunity to discover the sanctuary, its history, its message, the faith of its builders and those who live there today. WITHOUT BOOKING. Information on (+33) 02 37 21 75 02. (visit limited to 45 people) , Visit one of France’s most famous cathedrals on this day trip from Paris to Chartres. Starting with pickup from hotels in central Paris, enjoy the 1.5-hour drive by minicoach to Chartres, located about 60 miles (90 km) to the southwest. Upon arrival, head straight to Chartres Cathedral, the town’s 12th-century UNESCO-listed masterpiece of ..., People with panic disorder have feelings of intense fear that strike suddenly and repeatedly without warning. The frequency and severity of panic symptoms can vary widely. Do you s..., Discover the history, architecture and art of Notre-Dame de Chartres, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Admire the stained-glass windows, the crypt, the towers and the rose windows of this Gothic masterpiece., Partly built starting in 1145, and then reconstructed over a 26-year period after the fire of 1194, Chartres Cathedral marks the high point of French Gothic art. The vast nave, in pure ogival style, the porches ..., The cathedral was above all the place of celebration of the sacraments. The function of the images in the stained-glass windows was to echo the liturgy by providing a permanent visual reminder of the liturgical gestures and the texts read during the services. The cathedral contained also a large number of relics, not only the relic of the ..., Notre-Dame de Paris (French: [nɔtʁ(ə) dam də paʁi] ⓘ; meaning "Our Lady of Paris"), referred to simply as Notre-Dame, is a medieval Catholic cathedral on the Île de la Cité (an island in the Seine River), in the 4th arrondissement of Paris, France.The cathedral, dedicated to the Virgin Mary, is considered one of the finest examples of French Gothic …, Learn about the history, heritage and spirituality of the Cathedral of Chartres, dedicated to the Virgin Mary. Find out how to visit, donate, pray, attend events and join the parish community., Chartres Cathedral stock pictures, royalty-free photos & images. France: Chartres Cathedral Stained Glass Windows. Chartres, France - July 29, 2006: The stained glass windows at the Chartres Cathedral, constructed between 1194 and 1250, and is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of France's biggest tourist attractions., The Chartres Cathedral ‘Reception & Visits Service’ offers a wide range of tours to meet the expectations and specific needs of as many people as possible. Whether you are an amateur or an expert, a child or an adult, an individual or a group, there is something for everyone! Our tours are adapted to your situation, because the cathedral and its crypt …, The Chartres Cathedral is a milestone in the development of Western architecture because it employs all the structural elements of the new Gothic architecture: the pointed arch; the rib-and-panel vault; and, most significantly, the flying buttress. The cathedral is also celebrated for its many stained-glass windows and sculptures., We like to say that Chartres Cathedral contains the largest collection of stained-glass windows from the 12th and 13th centuries. But it also has the largest collection of sculpture from that time period, and has been conserved exceptionally well. NINE PORTALS OF EXCEPTIONAL WORK: MORE THAN 1500 ‘ACTORS’…. For the art historian, this ..., Dec 8, 2020 · Chartres Cathedral – Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Chartres Accessed 8 Dec 2020. Rib vault | architecture Accessed 8 Dec 2020. The West Facade Accessed 8 Dec 2020. rose window | Definition, History, & Facts Accessed 8 Dec 2020. Abbot Suger & Erwin Panofsky & Gerda Panofsky-Soergel. Abbot Suger on the Abbey Church of St. Denis and Its Art Treasures. , For a chance to experience the mystery of the medieval church through statues, glass, and relics, France's Chartres Cathedral, just an hour from Paris by train, is ideal. . The towering Gothic cathedral, marking the center of the town of Chartres, somehow captures the spirit of the 13th century — the so-called Age of Faith — in the 21st centu , Chartres Cathedral, or just Chartres, as the cathedral is most often called, was a popular pilgrimage destination in medieval France because it houses a piece of silk said to be part of the tunic ..., The choir wall of Chartres Cathedral (French - clôture de chœur or tour du chœur) is a piece of stone architecture and sculpture in Chartres Cathedral, over 6 metres tall and around 100 metres long. It was commissioned right at the start of the 16th century by Jehan de Beauce to keep the laity out of the liturgical choir., This is one of the nicest buildings in Chartres, very well preserved. The tourist office of the town is installed here... See way to experience (1) 10. Les Fresques de Bel Air. 60. Points of Interest & Landmarks. By KeithD_13. But in truth it remains ... a boring group of flats., Dec 16, 2014 ... Throughout its eight-century-long history, Chartres Cathedral has been consistently cited as one of the world's great..., MLA Style. Means, Spencer. " South Rose Window, Chartres Cathedral ." World History Encyclopedia. World History Encyclopedia, 12 Oct 2018. Web. 07 May 2024. The South Rose window of Chartres Cathedral, France, 1190-1220 CE. The stained glass window shows scenes of Jesus Christ and the Judgement of the Apocalypse., The cathedral was above all the place of celebration of the sacraments. The function of the images in the stained-glass windows was to echo the liturgy by providing a permanent visual reminder of the liturgical gestures and the texts read during the services. The cathedral contained also a large number of relics, not only the relic of the ..., The cathedral of Notre-Dame de Chartres is one of the largest in France and one of the first French sites to be listed as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1979. Since its first construction, 5 versions followed one another, until the cathedral we know today, which dates from the 13th century. An accidental fire in 1836 destroyed the old ...